rapid industrialization of all of China through manufacturing, commerce, and capitalism.utilizing unused military land for farming.modernizing China's military and adopting modern training and drill methods.applying principles of capitalism to strengthen the economy.changing the government from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy.encouraging imperial family members to study abroad.building a modern education system (studying mathematics and science instead of focusing mainly on Confucian texts).establishing agricultural schools in all provinces and schools and colleges in all provinces and cities.establishing Peking University as a place where sciences, liberal arts and the Chinese classics would all be available for study.eliminating sinecures (positions that provided little or no work but provided a salary).abolishing the traditional examination system.Some of Kang's students were also given minor but strategic posts in the capital to assist with the reforms. Įlements of the Qing government were sufficiently alarmed to permit Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao to propose reforms to Emperor Guangxu Guangxu agreed. The defeat led to additional unequal treaties as European powers took advantage of China's weakness. The limitations of this approach were exposed by the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) when China was defeated by Meiji Japan, which had undergone comprehensive reforms during the same period. The effort concentrated on providing the armed forces with modern weapons, rather than reforming governance or society. Ĭhina embarked on an effort to modernize, the Self-Strengthening Movement, following its defeat in the First (1839–1842) and Second (1856–1860) Opium Wars. Following the issuing of the reformative edicts, a coup d'état ("The Coup of 1898", Wuxu Coup) was perpetrated by powerful conservative opponents led by Empress Dowager Cixi. It was undertaken by the young Guangxu Emperor and his reform-minded supporters. 'Reform of the Wuxu year') was a failed 103-day national, cultural, political, and educational reform movement that occurred from 11 June to 22 September 1898 during the late Qing dynasty. The Hundred Days' Reform or Wuxu Reform ( traditional Chinese: 戊戌變法 simplified Chinese: 戊戌变法 pinyin: Wùxū Biànfǎ lit. ( June 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Hundred Days' Reform Traditional Chinese 戊戌變法 Simplified Chinese 戊戌变法 Literal meaning Wuxu (year) reform Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin wùxū biànfǎĪlternative Chinese name Traditional Chinese 百日維新 Simplified Chinese 百日维新 Literal meaning Hundred Days' Reform Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin bǎirì wéixīn Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations.
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